Belenios documentation
Protocol specification
Belenios comes with a protocol specification. This specification provides all cryptographic as well as formatting details. It might be used for example to built your own verifier. A more high level description of Belenios and some statistics about its usage can be found here.
In French, some explanations of Belenios
- Video tutorial for the voter
- Explanations for the voter (slides)
- Explanations for the administrator (slides, pptx file)
- High-level presentation of Belenios (slides)
- A short paper on voting and Belenios . In Interstices, January 2013, Updated in March 2017.
Privacy and security documentations
Two other documents present a security analysis from two perspectives.
- According to the GDPR, the Belenios platform and its developers are subcontractors of the election administrator, who is herself responsible for the data processing. The detailed description on the management of personal data on Belenios can be found in this document (or here for the French version).
- Moreover, we present a detailed security analysis (in French only) and how Belenios addresses the requirements of the CNIL, a French regulation organism in charge in particular of e-voting.
Related academic publications
- Belenios with cast as intended. Véronique Cortier, Alexandre Debant, Pierrick Gaudry, and Stéphane Glondu. In 8th Workshop on Advances in Secure Electronic Voting (Voting'23), Bol, Croatia, May 2023.
- Election Verifiability with ProVerif. Véronique Cortier, Alexandre Debant, and Vincent Cheval. In 36th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF'23), Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2023
- Features and usage of Belenios in 2022. Véronique Cortier, Pierrick Gaudry, and Stéphane Glondu. In International Conference for Electronic Voting (E-Vote-ID 2022), Bregenz / Hybrid, Austria, 2022.
- Provably Improving Election Verifiability in Belenios. Sevdenur Baloglu, Sergiu Bursuc, Sjouke Mauw, Jun Pang. In International Conference for Electronic Voting (E-Vote-ID 2021), Bregenz / virtual, Austria, 2021.
- Election Verifiability Revisited: Automated Security Proofs and Attacks on Helios and Belenios. Sevdenur Baloglu, Sergiu Bursuc, Sjouke Mauw, Jun Pang. In 34th IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF'21), Dubrovnik / virtual, Croatia, 2021.
- How to fake zero-knowledge proofs, again. Véronique Cortier, Pierrick Gaudry, and Quentin Yang. In Fifth International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting (E-Vote-ID 2020), Bregenz / virtual, Austria, 2020.
- BeleniosVS: Secrecy and Verifiability against a Corrupted Voting Device. Véronique Cortier, Alicia Filipiak, and Joseph Lallemand. In 32nd IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF'19), Hoboken, USA, June 2019.
- Belenios: A Simple Private and Verifiable Electronic Voting System. Véronique Cortier, Pierrick Gaudry, and Stéphane Glondu. In Foundations of Security, Protocols, and Equational Reasoning, pp. 214-238, 2019.
- Machine-checked proofs for electronic voting: privacy and verifiability for Belenios. Véronique Cortier, Constantin Catalin Dragan, Pierre-Yves Strub, Francois Dupressoir, and Bogdan Warinschi. In 31st IEEE Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF'18), pp. 298–312, July 2018.
- BeleniosRF: A Non-interactive Receipt-Free Electronic Voting Scheme. Pyrros Chaidos, Véronique Cortier, Georg Fuchsbauer, and David Galindo. In 23rd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'16), pp. 1614–1625, ACM, Vienna, Austria, October 2016.
- Election Verifiability for Helios under Weaker Trust Assumptions. Véronique Cortier, David Galindo, Stéphane Glondu, and Malika Izabachene. In 19th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS'14), LNCS, Springer, Wroclaw, Poland, September 2014.
- A generic construction for voting correctness at minimum cost - Application to Helios. Véronique Cortier, David Galindo, Stephane Glondu, and Malika Izabachene. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2013/177, 2013.
- Distributed ElGamal à la Pedersen - Application to Helios. Véronique Cortier, David Galindo, Stéphane Glondu, and Malika Izabachene. In Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES 2013), Berlin, Germany, 2013.
Draft
- Security proofs for the Zero-Knowledge Proofs used in Belenios. Pierrick Gaudry. Informal draft that details and proves the ZK proofs specific to Belenios, January 2017. Available on HAL.
In French, some popularization papers on e-voting
- Le vote électronique -- Les défis du secret et de la transparence. Véronique Cortier and Pierrick Gaudry. Odile Jacob, 2022.
- (a voté) Euh non : a cliqué. Véronique Cortier, Pierrick Gaudry, and Stéphane Glondu. In Blog Binaire, Le Monde, March 2018.
- Vote électronique. Véronique Cortier. In 1024 -- Bulletin de la société informatique de France, number 9 in November 2016.
- Qu'est-ce qu'un bon système de vote ? Véronique Cortier. In Blog Binaire, Le Monde, January 2015.
- Le vote papier est-il réellement plus sûr que l'électronique ? Véronique Cortier. In Blog Binaire, Le Monde, January 2015.
- Les bonnes propriétés d'un système de vote électronique - exemple d'Helios. Véronique Cortier and Steve Kremer. In Blog Binaire, Le Monde, March 2015.
- Attaque à l'italienne. Véronique Cortier. In Blog Binaire, Le Monde, August 2015.
- Vote par Internet. Véronique Cortier and Steve Kremer. In Interstices, January 2013, Updated in March 2017.